Robert Gellately.”The Study of Mass Murder and Genocide,”

Robert Gellately and Ben Liernan."The Study of Mass Murder and Genocide," 3-26

Cavan McCormack. "Reflections on Modern Japanese History in the Context of the Concept of Genocide"

McCormack and Gellately's argument about Genocide is similar to the definition of Fascism. Both of them were invented to explain the Nazi Germany at first, and tried to explain Japanese atrocity later. It is natural that concepts based on the Nazi case are unable to explain Japanese phenomenon well. Imperial Japan have imitated the way of Western Imperialism more or less, therefore their brutal rule or behavior in colony was akin not to Nazi but to Western countries, Allied forces soon after World War2 needed to denounce the Japan and the Nazi Germany as aggressor while overlooking Stalin's purge. Many historical concept such as Genocide or Fascism can't escape from the bias of realpolitik. We have to take it into consideration to use these concepts.